diff --git a/client/src/pages/admin/Backups.tsx b/client/src/pages/admin/Backups.tsx
index 92f8607..4a9e94d 100644
--- a/client/src/pages/admin/Backups.tsx
+++ b/client/src/pages/admin/Backups.tsx
@@ -140,13 +140,13 @@ export default function Backups() {
       `  · 备份文件：${it.filename}\n` +
       `  · 备份时间：${it.created_at}\n` +
       `  · 文件大小：${fmtSize(it.size_bytes)}\n\n` +
-      `还原后将覆盖当前所有数据（部员/活动/时长记录/四小时核销记录等），\n` +
+      `还原后将用该备份内容覆盖当前数据库（部员/活动/时长记录/四小时核销记录等全部会替换）。\n` +
       `系统会先对当前数据库自动拍一张「还原前快照（restoresnap）」作为应急回滚点，\n` +
-      `然后覆盖数据库并自动重启后端进程（Docker/守护进程会拉起来）。\n\n` +
-      `请在下方输入框输入："我确认从备份 ${it.filename} 还原并重启服务"`;
+      `完成后直接热更新运行中的数据库（无需重启服务端进程），刷新前端页面即可看到还原后的内容。\n\n` +
+      `请在下方输入框输入："我确认从备份 ${it.filename} 还原并覆盖当前数据库"`;
     const i1 = window.prompt(m1, '');
     if (i1 === null) return;
-    const expected = `我确认从备份 ${it.filename} 还原并重启服务`;
+    const expected = `我确认从备份 ${it.filename} 还原并覆盖当前数据库`;
     if (i1.trim() !== expected) { alert('确认文本不匹配，已取消'); return; }
     const i2 = window.prompt(
       `最后一道确认：请再次输入 "YES, RESTORE NOW"（全大写，不含引号）以继续。`,
@@ -160,14 +160,14 @@ export default function Backups() {
         const r = await exportApi.backupRestore(it.filename);
         if (r?.ok) {
           alert(
-            `还原已受理，后端将在 1 秒内重启。\n\n` +
+            `还原已完成！\n\n` +
             `还原前自动快照：${r.snapshot.filename}\n` +
             `快照大小：${fmtSize(r.snapshot.size_bytes)}\n` +
             `快照时间：${r.snapshot.created_at}\n\n` +
-            `若重启后出现异常，请使用该快照文件再次还原或联系管理员。\n\n` +
-            `将在 5 秒后自动刷新当前页面。`
+            `后端已热更新运行中的数据库，将在 2 秒后自动刷新当前页面以查看最新数据。\n` +
+            `若刷新后仍看到旧内容，请手动再刷一次。`
           );
-          setTimeout(() => window.location.reload(), 5000);
+          setTimeout(() => window.location.reload(), 2000);
         }
       } catch (e) {
         setRestarting(false);
@@ -216,8 +216,8 @@ export default function Backups() {
 
       {restarting ? (
         <div className="card p-5 md:p-8 text-center bg-amber-50 border border-amber-200 animate-pulse">
-          <div className="text-lg md:text-xl font-semibold text-amber-800">后端正在重启以完成还原…请稍候，页面将自动刷新</div>
-          <div className="muted mt-2">若 30 秒后仍无法访问，请手动刷新页面或检查容器/守护进程。</div>
+          <div className="text-lg md:text-xl font-semibold text-amber-800">正在刷新以加载还原后的数据库…请稍候</div>
+          <div className="muted mt-2">若 30 秒后仍停留在该状态，请手动刷新页面。</div>
         </div>
       ) : null}
 
diff --git a/server/src/backup.ts b/server/src/backup.ts
index 41d401d..ce11e07 100644
--- a/server/src/backup.ts
+++ b/server/src/backup.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import fs from 'fs';
 import path from 'path';
 import crypto from 'crypto';
+import { getDataDir as dbGetDataDir, getDbPath as dbGetDbPath, getDbBuffer, reloadDbFromBuffer } from './db';
 
 const TZ_OFFSET_HOURS = 8;
 const BACKUP_FILENAME_RE = /^volunteer-backup-(\d{8})-(\d{6})-([A-Za-z0-9]{8})\.db$/;
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ function fmtIso(d: Date) {
 }
 
 export function getDataDir(): string {
-  const p = path.join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'data');
+  const p = dbGetDataDir() || path.join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'data');
   if (!fs.existsSync(p)) fs.mkdirSync(p, { recursive: true });
   return p;
 }
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ export function getBackupsDir(): string {
   return p;
 }
 export function getDbPath(): string {
-  return path.join(getDataDir(), 'volunteer.db');
+  return dbGetDbPath() || path.join(getDataDir(), 'volunteer.db');
 }
 function getConfigPath(): string {
   return path.join(getDataDir(), 'backup-config.json');
@@ -148,18 +149,25 @@ function cleanupByKeep(cfg: BackupConfig): BackupItem[] {
 
 export function createBackup(opts: { trigger?: 'manual' | 'scheduled'; forceSnapshot?: boolean } = {}): BackupItem {
   const trigger = opts.trigger || 'manual';
-  const src = getDbPath();
-  if (!fs.existsSync(src)) {
-    throw new Error('源数据库文件不存在，无法备份');
-  }
   const dir = getBackupsDir();
   const stamp = fmtStamp(utc8Now());
   const rand = crypto.randomBytes(4).toString('hex');
   const prefix = opts.forceSnapshot ? 'volunteer-restoresnap' : 'volunteer-backup';
   const filename = `${prefix}-${stamp}-${rand}.db`;
   const dest = path.join(dir, filename);
-  // copy with integrity: read -> verify sha -> write
-  const buf = fs.readFileSync(src);
+  // 获取 DB 原始二进制：优先从内存 DB 直接 export，磁盘文件仅作为兜底回退路径，避免路径不一致
+  let buf: Buffer;
+  try {
+    const mem = getDbBuffer();
+    buf = Buffer.from(mem);
+  } catch (_e) {
+    const src = getDbPath();
+    if (!fs.existsSync(src)) {
+      throw new Error('源数据库文件不存在，无法备份');
+    }
+    buf = fs.readFileSync(src);
+  }
+  if (!buf || buf.length < 100) throw new Error('数据库为空，已中止备份');
   fs.writeFileSync(dest, buf);
   const verify = fs.readFileSync(dest);
   if (verify.length !== buf.length || crypto.createHash('sha256').update(buf).digest('hex') !== crypto.createHash('sha256').update(verify).digest('hex')) {
@@ -192,17 +200,18 @@ export function deleteBackup(filename: string): { ok: boolean; deleted: boolean
   return { ok: true, deleted: true };
 }
 
-export function restoreBackup(filename: string): { ok: true; snapshot: BackupItem } {
+export function restoreBackup(filename: string): { ok: true; snapshot: BackupItem; db_reinitialized: boolean } {
   if (!safeFilename(filename)) throw new Error('备份文件名非法');
   const p = path.join(getBackupsDir(), filename);
   if (!fs.existsSync(p)) throw new Error('备份文件不存在');
-  const src = getDbPath();
   // 1) 先对当前数据库拍一张 restoresnap，防止误操作
   const snap = createBackup({ trigger: 'manual', forceSnapshot: true });
-  // 2) 覆盖 database file
+  // 2) 覆盖磁盘 DB 文件，并同时 reload 运行中的内存 DB（避免必须重启进程才生效，也绕过磁盘路径不一致）
   const buf = fs.readFileSync(p);
-  fs.writeFileSync(src, buf);
-  return { ok: true, snapshot: snap };
+  if (!buf || buf.length < 100) throw new Error('备份文件过短，已中止还原');
+  reloadDbFromBuffer(new Uint8Array(buf));
+  fs.writeFileSync(getDbPath(), buf);
+  return { ok: true, snapshot: snap, db_reinitialized: true };
 }
 
 export function getNextRunMs(cfg: BackupConfig): number | null {
diff --git a/server/src/db/index.ts b/server/src/db/index.ts
index 539376d..a255752 100644
--- a/server/src/db/index.ts
+++ b/server/src/db/index.ts
@@ -9,8 +9,17 @@ let db: (Database & {
   execCompat(sql: string): void;
   pragmaCompat(expr: string): void;
   save(): void;
+  exportBuffer(): Uint8Array;
 }) | null = null;
 let dbFilePath: string = '';
+let dataDirPath: string = '';
+
+export function getDataDir(): string { return dataDirPath; }
+export function getDbPath(): string { return dbFilePath; }
+export function getDbBuffer(): Uint8Array {
+  if (!db) throw new Error('getDbBuffer: database not initialized');
+  return db.exportBuffer();
+}
 
 interface StmtCompat {
   run(...params: any[]): { changes: number; lastInsertRowid: number };
@@ -86,6 +95,7 @@ export async function initDb() {
 
   const dataDir = path.join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'data');
   if (!fs.existsSync(dataDir)) fs.mkdirSync(dataDir, { recursive: true });
+  dataDirPath = dataDir;
   dbFilePath = path.join(dataDir, 'volunteer.db');
 
   let rawDb: Database;
@@ -106,6 +116,9 @@ export async function initDb() {
     const data = extended.export();
     fs.writeFileSync(dbFilePath, Buffer.from(data));
   };
+  extended.exportBuffer = function () {
+    return new Uint8Array(extended.export());
+  };
 
   db = extended;
   const d = extended;
@@ -234,4 +247,27 @@ export function getDb() {
   return db;
 }
 
+export function reloadDbFromBuffer(buf: Uint8Array | Buffer): void {
+  if (!SQL) throw new Error('SQL module not loaded, call initDb() first');
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(buf) && !(buf instanceof Uint8Array)) throw new Error('reloadDbFromBuffer: illegal buffer type');
+  const rawDb = new SQL.Database(new Uint8Array(buf));
+  const extended = rawDb as any;
+  extended.prepareCompat = function (sql: string) { return wrapStmt(extended, sql); };
+  extended.execCompat = function (sql: string) { extended.exec(sql); };
+  extended.pragmaCompat = function (expr: string) {
+    try { extended.exec(`PRAGMA ${expr};`); } catch {}
+  };
+  extended.save = function () {
+    const data = extended.export();
+    fs.writeFileSync(dbFilePath, Buffer.from(data));
+  };
+  extended.exportBuffer = function () {
+    return new Uint8Array(extended.export());
+  };
+  try { extended.pragmaCompat('foreign_keys = ON'); } catch {}
+  // 切换全局引用：需要注意 keep using same variable
+  if (db) { try { (db as any).close?.(); } catch { /* noop for sql.js */ } }
+  db = extended;
+}
+
 export type DbInstance = NonNullable<typeof db>;
diff --git a/server/src/routes/export.ts b/server/src/routes/export.ts
index 10f5506..faf1619 100644
--- a/server/src/routes/export.ts
+++ b/server/src/routes/export.ts
@@ -600,13 +600,20 @@ router.post('/backups/restore', authMiddleware, (req: AuthRequest, res) => {
   }
   try {
     const r = restoreBackup(filename);
-    res.json({ ok: true, snapshot: r.snapshot, will_restart: true });
-    // 写入重启标记，避免响应未发出即退出
+    // 写入还原操作标记（当前已经即时生效，不再进程退出，仅留痕）
     const marker = path.join(getBackupsDir(), '.restart_after_restore');
-    try { fs.writeFileSync(marker, JSON.stringify({ at: new Date().toISOString(), by: req.adminUsername || null, from: filename }), 'utf8'); } catch { /* noop */ }
-    setTimeout(() => {
-      try { process.exit(0); } catch { /* noop */ }
-    }, 800);
+    try {
+      fs.writeFileSync(
+        marker,
+        JSON.stringify(
+          { at: new Date().toISOString(), by: req.adminUsername || null, from: filename, db_reinitialized: !!r.db_reinitialized },
+          null,
+          2
+        ),
+        'utf8'
+      );
+    } catch { /* noop */ }
+    res.json({ ok: true, snapshot: r.snapshot, will_restart: false, db_reinitialized: !!r.db_reinitialized });
   } catch (e: any) {
     res.status(500).json({ error: e?.message || '还原失败，未覆盖当前数据库' });
   }